Which Europes
are embedded in AI?

Frédéric Clavert

28 mars 2023

The example of ChatGPT

What are LLMs?

  • a neural network architecture (ie deep learning / AI)
  • trained on a large corpus of text
  • LLMs will produce statistically pertinent chains of words

Are getting biger and biger since a new architecture proposed by Google in 2017 (Transformers)

What is ChatGPT

ChatGPT is a LLM (GPT-3 or 4) from OpenAI that is optimized for conversations (a very performant chatbot).

ChatGPT has strong limitations:

  • we do not know precisely its training corpus → biases!
  • it is a machine: not a clue about reasoning, ethics, etc.
  • it gives the impression – as it can « discuss » that it has reasoning, ethics, etc.

Why testing ChatGPT on European history?

  • deep learning requires a training corpus
  • the training corpus embeds representations of the world
  • people interacting with ChatGPT will interact with those embedded representations of the world.
  • we and our students will, hence, too.

Beyond history, LLMs and AI might become the main mode of ‘mediated’ memory.

ChatGPT and the European Union

What about the prompts?

ChatGPT prompts are not available.

For LLM that generated images, one model is open source (Stable Diffusion).

Lexica.art is an AI generated image search engine, with prompts.

topic modelling

Similitude analysis